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=Section 1= toc

What Do You Think
In an accident, I can protect myself by wearing a seat belt so I don't go flying when I crash, not eating so I cannot choke on food if I am hit, and making sure all of the airbags work if they need to be deployed.

Car Article
A 58 year old man caused an accident on route 303. A woman driving a Buick swurved over the yellow line to avoid a crash with the man, but ended up swiping a Budget rental truck. Her car ended up being totaled in the crash and she was stuck in her vehicle after the crash, so volunteer firefighters got her out of the car. The man driving the rental truck sustained injuries to his hip and legs. No charges or tickets have been given out yet for the accident. http://www.bergencountycaraccidentlawyer.com/2011/01/woman-seriously-injured-car-accident-on-new-york-route-303.shtml

Investigate
Quia I was a novice analyst 2a. My score was 9/15, or 60%. I was very surprised because I thought I knew much more than I did. I really did not know very much about automobile accidents. 2b.
 * SafetyFeatures || MeansOfProtection || Pre-1960s Automobiles(y/n) || NewAutomobiles(1,2,3) ||
 * seat belts || prevents you from flying out of seat || No || 1 ||
 * head restraints || protects head || No || 1 ||
 * front airbags || prevents you front hitting yourself on dashboard || No || 1 ||
 * back-up sensing system || lets you see easier when backing up || No || 3 ||
 * front crumple zones || Prevents front of car from crumpling upon impact || No || 1 / 2 ||
 * side-impact beams in doors || protection from side hits || No || 2 ||
 * shoulder belts for all seats || prevents you from flying out of seat || No || 1 ||
 * anti-lock braking systems (ABS) || helps brakes work better || No || 2 ||
 * tempered shatterproof glass || prevents glass from shattering || Yes || 1 ||
 * side airbags || prevents you from hitting window or door || No || 2 ||
 * turn signals || tells people if you are turning || Yes || 1 ||
 * electronic stability control || prevents skidding || No || 2/3 ||
 * energy-absorbing collapsible steering column || collapses and absorbs energy during a crash || No || 1 ||
 * rear crumple zones || Prevents rear of car from crumpling upon impact || No || 2 ||

Physics Talk
-the government and car companies have been trying to make cars as safe as possible in case of a car accident -if you are in a safe car, your odds of injury or death are much lower -safety was not always the main priority when building a car, but it is now -a turning point in the automobile industry was when Ralph Nader wrote a book called Unsafe At Any Speed, which he wrote in 1965 -the book talked about safety problems in cars -4WD means 4 wheel drive -4WD fatalities have increased 85% from 1990-1998 -total fatalities have decreased 25% from 1990-1998 -4WD crashes could be going up because people are traveling farther -automobiles are safer with more safety features

Checking Up
1. We have made vehicles safer by adding seat belts, hard chrome dashboards, and solid steering columns. 2. Two explanations for the increase in 4WD fatal crashes are people driving more miles and people driving faster because they think that the safety features of the car will protect them.

PTG
1. -seat belts F,R,S,T -front airbags F,R,S,T -front crumple zones F -rear crumple zones R  -side impact beams in doors S  -shoulder belts F,R,S,T -anti-lock breaking system F,R, -tempered shatterproof glass F,R,S,T -turn signals F,R -electronic stability control F,R 2. seat belts, front and rear crumpling zones, anti-lock braking system, turn signals, electronic stability control, energy-absorbing collapsible steering column 3. ABS, electronic stability control 4. front and rear crumple zones, side-impact beams, ABS, electronic stability control, energy-absorbing collapsible steering column

What Do You Think Now
I can protect myself during an accident by making sure all of my safety features work on my car before driving. Some things I also can do are wear a seat belt and shoulder belt. If all of my safety features work on my car and I am wearing my seat belt, I can definitely have a greater chance of not being injured during a car crash. Drinking will not protect you from an accident because you will only drive more recklessly.

= Section 2 =

What Do You Think
The seat belt for a race car would be much stronger and would not be able to move as easily because if the seat belt is too loose, then the person could end up hitting themselves on something such as the dashboard or the window. In a regular car, the seat belt does not have to be as strong since the car will not be traveling as fast. If a person in a regular car got hit, the body would not go flying like it would in a race car if they were not wearing seat belts. Overall, the faster you travel, the stronger your seat belt has to be, which is why race cars need stronger seat belts than regular cars.

Physics Talk
-Newton's first law of motion (aka. law of inertia) is one of the foundations of physics -there are 3 parts to Newton's first law of motion -Part 1: an object at rest stays at rest -Part 2: an object stays in motion in a straight line at constant speed -Part 3: part 1 and 2 are only true when the net force, or total of all force, on an object is zero. It is possible that an object can have forces on it but not have a change in motion -there are actually three collisions when a car hits a pole -collision 1: the car hits the pole. the pole exerts force that brings the car to rest -collision 2: when the car stops, the person's body keeps moving, so the car's structure brings the body to rest -collision 3: the body stops, but the body's organs do not, so the body wall exerts a force that brings the organs to rest -safety features do not always work -force: an interaction between two objects that can result in an acceleration of either or both objects -pressure: force that is spread out over a given area -during our lab, some seat belts were not as effective as others -the stopping force that each seat belt exerted on the clay was about the same -pressure is smaller with a ribbon than with a wire -pressure, not force, determines how much damage the seat belt does to the body

Checking Up
1.Newton's first law of motion has three parts. Part 1: an object at rest stays at rest. Part 2: an object stays in motion in a straight line at constant speed. Part 3: part 1 and 2 are only true when the net force, or total of all force, on an object is zero. It is possible that an object can have forces on it but not have a change in motion. 2. The person stays in motion because an object stays in motion in a straight line at constant speed unless an unbalanced force acts on the object. In the crash, only the car stopped, not the person. 3. collision 1: the car hits the pole. the pole exerts force that brings the car to rest collision 2: when the car stops, the person's body keeps moving, so the car's structure brings the body to rest collision 3: the body stops, but the body's organs do not, so the body wall exerts a force that brings the organs to rest 4. Inertia is the natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or to remain moving with constant speed in a straight line. 5. A broad band of material worked better because the pressure was more spread out than in a narrow wire.

 Investigate X2: Newton's FIrst Law and Seatbelts
Objectives:
 * What happens to a passenger involved in a car accident without and with a seatbelt?
 * What factors affect the passenger’s safety after a collision?
 * How would a seat belt for a race car be different from one available on a regular car?

Hypothesis: Respond to each of the above objectives fully. If someone is not wearing a seatbelt and gets into an accident, they can fly through the windshield if they are driving with enough velocity. The person will keep on traveling after the car crashes until he is stopped by an unbalanced force. Some factors that affect the passenger's safety after a collision are how fast the vehicle was moving the amount of objects and what materials the objects are made of. A race car seat belt is different than a seat belt in a regular car because it has more safety features.

Materials: List any materials used and draw a labeled diagram of your set-up (alternatively, include a snapshot or video). -Clay person, ramp, textbooks, meter stick, yarn

Procedure:


 * 1) Make a clay figure and then place the figure in the cart.
 * 2) Arrange a ramp so that the endstop is at the bottom of the ramp.
 * 3) Adjust the height of the ramp to make a very shallow incline.
 * 4) Send the cart down the ramp.
 * 5) Very gradually increase the height of the ramp until significant “injury” happens to your figure. Make a note of this height.
 * 6) Fix your clay figure. Create a seatbelt for the figure and take a "Before" picture and post in your data table.
 * 7) Send your cart and passenger down the ramp at the same height as in Step 5. Be sure to record your observations specifically and carefully. Take an "After" picture and post in your data table to supplement your written observations.
 * 8) Repeat Steps 6 and 7, using different types of material for the seatbelt.

Data and observations: Injury Height with no seatbelt: _ m


 * Type of Seatbelt || Before Picture || After Picture || Description and Observations || Group ||
 * Thread ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Wire ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * String ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Yarn ||  ||   || The little clay man was sent flying down the incline, and crashed into the end, without significant injury. No cuts could be seen from the force of the yarn on the man and no body parts were missing or out of place. The cart hit the end of the track and the little clay man did not move sitting in place where I had placed him on the cart. ||   ||
 * Ribbon ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * 1-in masking ||  ||   ||   ||   ||

*Read the Physics Talk p268 - 271 before answering the following questions. *

Questions:
 * 1) Define the terms: inertia, force and pressure.
 * 2) inertia- the tendency to remain at rest or remain at constant speed in a straight line.
 * 3) force- an influence that changes the motion of an object
 * 4) pressure- the force per area where the force is normal and directed perpendicular to the surface, measured in N/m^2 or Pa.
 * 5) In the collision, the car stops abruptly. What happens to the “passenger”?
 * 6) The passenger keeps on moving forward after the car stops abruptly during a crash.
 * 7) What parts of your passenger were in greatest danger (most damaged)?
 * 8) The whole body was in great danger. If the crash was from the side, then the side of the body could get hurt. If the crash was head-on or from the rear, then the person could hurt themselves if their head goes through the windshield.
 * 9) What does Newton’s first law have to do with this?
 * 10) The law states that an object in motion will remain in motion and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. This is exactly the case during an accident.
 * 11) What materials were most effective as seatbelts? Why?
 * 12) Ribbon and yarn worked best because in those materials the force is spread out more on the seat belt, making crashes less painful and lowering your odds of being hurt more seriously.
 * 13) Use Newton's first law of motion to describe the three collisions.
 * 14) First, the car hits the pole, so the force of the pole stops the car. Second, when the car crashes, it exerts a force of the person, stopping the person's movement. Third, the body wall exerts a force on the body organs, stopping the organs' movement.


 * 1) Why does a broad band of material work better as a seatbelt than a narrow wire?

Conclusion: · Using Newton's First law of Motion, explain why a seat belt is an important safety feature in a vehicle. What factors affect the effectiveness of a seatbelt? What would you need to consider when designing a seatbelt for a race car? Use specific observations from this investigation to support your answers to these questions. · Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason. · How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)

An object keeps on moving at constant speed in a straight line unless an unbalanced force acts on the object. When a seat belt acts as an unbalanced force on a person's constant speed in a straight line, the person's motion comes to a rest after getting in a car accident. When designing a seat belt, you need to consider how spread out the force will be on the seat belt. 1 cause of experimental error is incorrectly measuring with the meter stick. When you do not measure correctly, all of your measurements get thrown off. I could improve the results of the lab by being more precise with my measurements. If I could be more correct with my measurements, it would prevent errors.

USE THE RUBRIC TO MAKE SURE YOU HAVE INCLUDED ALL REQUIREMENTS!


 * I was absent for this lab for section 2

 Investigate X3: Energy and Air Bags
Objective:
 * How does an air bag protect you during an accident?

Hypothesis: Respond to the objective fully. The airbag prevents you from hitting your head or body on a hard surface such as the dashboard, door, or window. The airbag fills with air after deploying, and now you hit yourself on a soft ball of air instead.

Materials used: egg, ziploc bag, meter stick, flour, box lid,

Data and observation: Mass of egg 1: 0.059kg Height of egg 1: 7cm Mass of egg 2: 0.061kg Height of egg 2: 5cm

Procedure:

Note: You may want to use the available technology to take "Before" and "After" pics to post in your data table to assist and elaborate on your written descriptions.

1. Measure the length of your egg #1. Measure the mass of your egg. Record this information. 2. Place an egg in a ziplock bag, squeezing out all of the air in the bag before sealing. 3. Hold a ruler up on the table vertically. Hold the egg vertically at the 2 cm mark. (Keep the excess bag on top.) Drop it. Record your observations. 4. Hold the egg the same exact way at the 4-cm mark and repeat. Continue this process until the egg shell is slightly cracked. 5. Continue until the egg is smashed and the yolk leaks out. Measure the amount of egg still undamaged. How much of the egg is smashed? Be sure to record detailed observations. 6. Fill a bowl with flour and place the bowl inside of the box lid. 7. Measure the length of your egg #2. Measure the mass of your egg. Record this information. 8. Drop the egg from the smash height (Step 5). Measure the amount of egg sticking up out of the rice bed. How much of the egg is buried in the rice? Also, record your observations. 9. Repeat this, increasing the height in 2-cm increments until the egg is cracked, and then smashed.

Data and observations: Add more columns/rows as needed

(cm) || Cracked or smashed? || Description and observations || Length of egg in flour (cm) || Length of egg outside flour (cm) || GPE (j) || W (j) || F  (j) ||
 * Egg Number || Drop Height
 * 1 || 2 || Cracked || Small fractures in egg shell ||  ||   || .01 || .01 || .5 ||
 * 1 || 4 || Cracked || Small fractures in egg shell ||  ||   || .02 || .02 || .5 ||
 * 1 || 6 || Cracked || Small fractures in egg shell ||  ||   || .03 || .03 || .5 ||
 * 1 || 8 || Cracked || Small fractures in egg shell ||  ||   || .05 || .05 || .63 ||
 * 1 || 10 || Cracked || Small fractures in egg shell; peeling observed ||  ||   || .06 || .06 || .6 ||
 * 1 || 12 || Cracked || First sign of yolk ||  ||   || .07 || .07 || .58 ||
 * 1 || 14 || Cracked || Bottom of shell collapsed, egg-white released ||  ||   || .08 || .08 || .57 ||
 * 1 || 16 || Cracked || Damaged continued, yolk visible ||  ||   || .09 || .09 || .56 ||
 * 1 || 18 || Cracked || Fractures spread ||  ||   || .10 || .10 || .56 ||
 * 1 || 20 || Cracked || Yolk is still contained ||  ||   || .11 || .11 || .55 ||
 * 1 || 22 || Cracked || Most of egg-white released, yolk remains in shell ||  ||   || .12 || .12 || .55 ||
 * 1 || 24 || Cracked || Yolk begins to leave shell, shell is separating ||  ||   || .14 || .14 || .58 ||
 * 1 || 26 || Smashed || Yolk completely separates from egg shell ||  ||   || .15 || .15 || .58 ||
 * 2 || 26 || No damage || No visible damage || 2 || 3 || .16 || .16 || .62 ||
 * 2 || 36 || No damage || No visible damage || 2.5 || 2.5 || .22 || .22 || .61 ||
 * 2 || 46 || No damage || No visible damage || 3.5 || 1.5 || .27 || .27 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 56 || No damage || No visible damage || 4.5 || 0.5 || .33 || .33 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 66 || No damage || No visible damage || 4.75 || 0.25 || .39 || .39 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 76 || No damage || No visible damage || 1.5 || 3.5 || .45 || .45 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 86 || No damage || No visible damage || 3 || 2 || .51 || .51 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 96 || No damage || No visible damage || 3 || 2 || .57 || .57 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 106 || No damage || No visible damage || 3 || 2 || .63 || .63 || .59 ||
 * 2 || 200 || No damage || No visible damage || 3 || 2 || 1.20 || 1.20 || .6 ||

Calculations: GPE = mgh = (.059)(9.8)(.02) =.01  W = GPE

W = F * d F = W/d

Conclusions: The higher you drop the egg from, the more damage inflicted on the egg. If there is protection, which was the flour in this experiment, the egg will have less or even no damage inflicted on it. That is why airbags help you prevent injuries during a car crash.

Calculations: Show equation(s), numbers plugged in, and answer with correct units. Add columns in your data table to include these results.
 * What is the gravitational potential energy in each trial?
 * How much work is done in each trial?
 * How much force was used to stop the egg in each case of steps 5, 8 and 9?

*Read the Physics Talk p279 - 287 before answering the following questions. *

Questions:
 * 1) This investigate is an analogy for a person in an automobile collision. What does the egg represent? What does the table represent? What does the flour represent?
 * 2) The egg represents the person in the car, the table represents the car getting in the crash, and the flour represents the air bag.
 * 3) Define the terms: Kinetic Energy and Work.
 * 4) Kinetic energy- energy in an object in motion.
 * 5) work - the force applied over a certain distance.
 * 6) What factors determine an object's kinetic energy?
 * 7) mass and velocity determine KE. KE=.5mv^2
 * 8) When work is done on an object, what is the effect on the object's kinetic energy?
 * 9) work is responsible for either increasing or decreasing the kinetic energy. if the work is moving with the object, the KE increases. If it is opposite of the object's motion, the KE decreases.
 * 10) How does the force needed to stop a moving object depend on the distance the force acts?
 * 11) Work is needed for an object to bring an object to rest.
 * 12) What difference does a soft landing area make on a passenger during a collision?
 * 13) How does a cushion reduce the force needed to stop a passenger?
 * 14) the cushion decreases the kinetic energy. The object can still move forward a little bit when it hits the cushion, but the cushion slows down the object.
 * 15) What does the law of conservation of energy have to do with this?
 * 16) The law is that an object stays in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on the object. The person moves at constant velocity in a straight line. the airbag acts as the unbalanced force and brings the object, the person, to rest. The airbag prevents the person from going through the windshield, so the airbag prevents injuries.

Conclusion: · Using the law of conservation of energy, explain how an air bag can protect you during an accident. Use specific observations from this investigation to support your answers to these questions. · Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason. · How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)

An airbag can protect you by preventing you from flying through the windshield. 1 cause of experimental error is measuring incorrectly how high the drop was. If this is wrong, all of your numbers get thrown off. I can improve the results by limiting my measuring errors.

USE THE RUBRIC TO MAKE SURE YOU HAVE INCLUDED ALL REQUIREMENTS

PTG #1,4,5,6
1. The moving car will make the car at rest move upon impact because the moving car has a greater momentum than the car at rest. The moving car will continue moving forward, but will slow down. The other car will move at the same speed the moving car was moving as long as they have the same mass. 4. They prefer heavier people because they have greater momentum than lighter football players. The heavier person will have an easier time dealing with the lighter football player than the lighter football player will dealing with the heavier person. 5. Whichever car has a smaller momentum will get knocked backwards during a head on collision. The car with the greater momentum will make the car with less momentum change direction and move in the direction of the heavier car's momentum. 6. p = mv 10000 = 10000v v = 1m/s

** Investigate X6: Momentum and Inelastic Collisions **
Objective: What physics principles do the traffic-accident investigators use to "reconstruct" the accident?

Momentum

Materials: List any materials used and draw a labeled diagram of your set-up (alternatively, include a snapshot or video). Track, carts, masses, sensor Procedure:
 * 1) Place a motion detector at the right end of a track. Open up data studio. Dump "Velocity" into "Graph" display, and enlarge this.
 * 2) Place a cart on the middle of the track with the velcro to the right. Call this the "target cart." Place a second identical cart on the right end of the track. Call this the "Bullet cart".
 * 3) Click "Start" on Data Studio, and then push the bullet cart very gently towards the target cart so that they collide and stick together. You may need to practice this a few times. Be sure to get your body out of the way of the motion detector!
 * 4) Examine the graph produced by the motion detector. Using the Smart Tool, find the velocity right before and right after the collision. Record this in your data table.
 * 5) Vary the masses of the carts and repeat the process 5 times.

//**Data and observations:** Add more columns/row as needed.//
 * **Mass of Bullet Cart (kg)** || **Mass of Target Cart (kg)** || **Speed of Bullet Cart**(m/s) || **Speed of Target cart (m/s)** || **Combined masses (kg)** || **Final Velocity of both carts (m/s)** ||  ||   ||
 * 501.2 || 495 || .53 || 0 || 996.2 || .23 ||  ||   ||
 * 996.2 || 495 || .38 || 0 || 1491.2 || .24 ||  ||   ||
 * 501.2 || 990 || .44 || 0 || 1491.2 || .17 ||  ||   ||
 * 993.2 || 990 || .41 || 0 || 1983.2 || .18 ||  ||   ||
 * 1488.2 || 495 || .33 || 0 || 1983.2 || .23 ||  ||   ||


 * Calculations:** Show equation(s), numbers plugged in, and answer with correct units. Add columns in your data table to include these results.
 * 1) Find the initial momentum of the bullet cart for each trial. p=MV p=(501.2)(.53) p=265.6
 * 2) Find the initial momentum of the target cart for each trial. p=MV p=(495)(0) p=0
 * 3) Find the sum of the initial momenta of the two carts for each trial. 265.6+0=265.6
 * 4) Find the final momentum of the combined carts for each trial. p=MV p=(1983.2)(.23) p=456.14

** *Read the Physics Talk p312 - 315 before answering the following questions. * **
 * Questions:**
 * 1) Compare the initial momenta (calc 3) to the final momentum (calc 4). (Allow for minor variations due to uncertainties of measurement.)
 * 2) The final momentum is greater because the initial momenta is both momentums added together while the final momentum is the combined masses multiplied by the final velocity.List the 6 types of collisions (top of page 312) and a brief description.
 * 3) List the 6 types of collisions (top of page 312) and a brief description.
 * 4) 
 * 5) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A moving object hits a stationary object: both stick together and move together with the same velocity.
 * 6) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Two stationary objects explode by the release of a spring between them and move off in opposing directions.
 * 7) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A moving object hits a stationary object: the initially moving object comes to rest, and the object originally at rest moves off in the same velocity as the first object
 * 8) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A moving object hits a stationary object, and both move off at different speeds.
 * 9) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Two moving objects collide: both objects move at different speeds after hitting each other.
 * 10) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Two moving objects stay together: move together at the same velocity


 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Which types of collisions are definitely inelastic? How do you know?
 * 2) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Numbers 1 and 6 are definitely inelastic. Inelastic is when the two objects stick to each other, and this is what happens in these types.
 * 3) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Which types of collisions are definitely elastic? How do you know?
 * 4) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Numbers 2-5 are definitely elastic because in these numbers, the objects bounce off of each other.
 * 5) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Define the law of conservation of momentum.
 * 6) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision if no external forces act on the system.
 * 7) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Use the law of conservation of momentum to describe what happens when a cue ball hits the 15 balls in the middle of the pool table.
 * 8) The momentum of the 15 balls is equal to the momentum of the ball that was shot since the balls have the same mass as the cue ball. The balls all move in different directions and speeds after being hit, but all have the same momentum.

· Based on the law of conservation of momentum, how can the traffic-accident investigators use to "reconstruct" the accident? What does it mean to "conserve" momentum? · Explain at least 1 cause of experimental error. Be sure you describe a specific reason. · How would you improve the results of this lab? (In other words, what would you change about the materials or procedure to eliminate or reduce the experimental error you describe above?)
 * Conclusion:**

In order to find the momentum of the cars in the accident, they must find the masses and velocities of the cars. They multiply the mass and velocity together to find the momentum. When you conserve momentum, you maintain momentum. 1 cause of experimental error is the angle of the motion sensor. If the motion sensor was not in the perfect spot, our results could have been completely thrown off. We could improve the results of this lab by making sure the motion sensor is at the perfect angle.